17. Within the conflict, the federal government advertised rustic hairstyles and you may developments for everyone their subjects; for girls, quick, bowl-shaped haircuts and you may loose-fitting, high-waisted monpe jeans (commonly worn regarding the country) was basically encouraged just like the body gestures off austerity, modesty and you may household front support toward total battle work. To possess a conclusion and you will research regarding wartime shojo depictions from inside the shojo zasshi, select Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. To own definitions off wartime trend and you may hairstyles having adult people, select Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka no Nihon josei doin zero shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Bing Beginner] and you will Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Luxury is the challenger: Style and you may materials within the wartime Japan, in Jacqueline Atkins ”. Into the Sporting propaganda: Fabrics with the domestic front into the Japan, Great britain, and You, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The fresh Sanctuary and you will London : Yale School Drive . [Google Pupil] .
18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, from Bara zero kobeya yori, reprinted inside the Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika no shojo zasshi, for the Otsuka Eiji ”. In the Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Yahoo College student] , pp. 36–37.
19. Facts of Young Turf, the fresh translated Japanese title regarding Louisa Can get Alcott’s Little Women. Brand new title Wakakusa Monogatari is actually followed if movie was shown in The japanese for the 1934; prior to had written translations and you can changes of Alcott’s vintage received some other titles.
20. Other designs out of shojo enjoyment, namely the latest Takarazuka Revue, may also have considering a design for the ideal boy with its particular the danso no reijin[gorgeous woman for the men clothing], this new otokoyaku. Takarazuka just expanded a faithful shojo group of fans through the wartime and postwar many years, but is featured regularly in shojo zasshi, particularly Shojo zero tomo. Getting a reason and historic/anthropological data of one’s Takarazuka Revue, come across Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] .
21. Dating back the fresh new 1910s, teachers and ethical advocates regarded as film theatres once the breeding good reasons for this new furyo, otherwise as the furyo’s hunting good reasons for its jogakusei sufferers. Certain girls’ universities set rigorous requirements to your college students just who wanted to sit in movie theatres, otherwise prohibited attendance outright. Pick Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko in order to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Bing Scholar] , pp. 142–49.
Note: once the postcard respondent (or even the editor) made use of another type of spelling (Wakagusa rather than Wakakusa), the quality spelling and you will enunciation is Wakakusa
twenty-two. This new personal overtones regarding revealing an enthusiastic umbrella have prewar and you can early wartime precedents. Discover Kawabata Yasunari’s short-story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) of 1932, which has a good romantically recharged scene from one or two youths sharing a keen umbrella. My personal by way of The month of january Bardsley to have citing which connection.
23. Look for ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, within the Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Crappy teens: Juvenile delinquency plus the government away from everyday life when you look at the modern Japan, Berkeley and you can Los angeles : University away from Ca Force . [Yahoo Pupil] , pp. 66–96.
twenty four. The new payment alter represents figures out-of 1946–50 versus 1936–40 (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter Good. 1953 . Teenager delinquency into the The japanese. Pre-conflict, conflict, and blog post-war years . The fresh new Journal out-of Unlawful Laws, Criminology, and Police Technology, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Bing College student] , p. 430).
Truly the only exception to this rule for the gender-segregated system regarding post-no. 1 training regarding the Meiji several months toward wartime period is actually the newest coeducational Tokyo Tunes College [Tokyo ongaku gakko]
eight. I evaluate these depictions in detail in the wartime part into the my personal dissertation to the shojo zasshi:‘All Girl’s a period: Representations out-of Femininity and you will Adolescence inside Japanese Girls’ Publications, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford College or university, 2008).
16. Select Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, 
Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko in order to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google Student] , p. 207.